Prototype Pollution in Toon-Format Toon

CVE-2026-82404

TOON is a compact, human-readable serialization of JSON data for LLM prompts. Prior to 2.3.1, decoding attacker-controlled TOON with a __proto__, constructor, or prototype key wrote through the object prototype chain instead of creating an own property, polluting Object.prototype for the runtime. In packages/toon/src/decode/expand.ts, the expandPaths: 'safe' path and insertPathSafe function made dotted keys such as a.__proto__.x the strongest vector, while plain nested objects, tabular rows, quoted keys, and streaming decode were also affected. The encoder also dropped own __proto__ properties and could invoke an inherited setter during normalization. Services that decode untrusted TOON could experience denial of service or, when a suitable downstream gadget is present, remote code execution. This issue is fixed in version 2.3.1.

Vulnerability class: Prototype Pollution

Published · last modified .

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 8.3 (High). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.007 (51.4th percentile), scored .

Very low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days; routine patching cadence is appropriate. 51st percentile — 51.4% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS trend (30 days)EPSS over the last 30 days for CVE-2026-82404: held from 0.004 to 0.007.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.004 · newest: 0.007 · change: +0.003

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-82404?
CVE-2026-82404 is a high-severity vulnerability in Toon-Format Toon, classified under Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes (Prototype Pollution). CVSS score: 8.3/10. Published 2026-09-02.
How severe is CVE-2026-82404?
High severity. CVSS v3 base score is 8.3 out of 10.