NULL pointer dereference in Samtools

CVE-2026-31973

SAMtools is a program for reading, manipulating and writing bioinformatics file formats. Starting in version 1.17, in the cram-size command, used to write information about how well CRAM files are compressed, a check to see if the `cram_decode_compression_header()` was missing. If the function returned an error, this could lead to a NULL pointer dereference. Exploiting this bug causes a NULL pointer dereference. Typically this will cause the program to crash. Versions 1.23.1, 1.22.2 and 1.21.1 include fixes for this issue. There is no workaround for this issue.

EPSS: 0.005 (41.3th percentile) — read the EPSS interpretation.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 7.5 (High). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H.

Affected products

  • Samtools — versions 1.23, >= 1.22, < 1.22.2, >= 1.17, < 1.21.1

Weakness classification (CWE)

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-31973?
CVE-2026-31973 is a high-severity vulnerability in Samtools, classified under NULL Pointer Dereference. CVSS score: 7.5/10. Published 2026-03-18.
How severe is CVE-2026-31973?
High severity. CVSS v3 base score is 7.5 out of 10.