RCE in Openclaw

CVE-2026-28391

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...% to execute unapproved commands beyond the allowlisted operations.

Vulnerability class: Command Injection (OS Command Injection)

Published · last modified .

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 9.8 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.009 (57.6th percentile), scored .

Very low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days; routine patching cadence is appropriate. 58th percentile — 57.6% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS trend (30 days)EPSS over the last 30 days for CVE-2026-28391: held from 0.005 to 0.009.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.005 · newest: 0.009 · change: +0.004

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2026-28391?
CVE-2026-28391 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Openclaw, classified under OS Command Injection. CVSS score: 9.8/10. Published 2026-03-05.
How severe is CVE-2026-28391?
Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 9.8 out of 10.