Resource exhaustion in Juliangruber Brace-Expansion

CVE-2026-13149

brace-expansion through 5.0.6 is vulnerable to denial of service. The expand() function exhibits exponential-time complexity in the number of consecutive non-expanding '{}' brace groups. An attacker who passes a crafted string to expand(), directly or transitively, can cause significant CPU consumption and event-loop blocking. The max option does not mitigate this, as it bounds the output size rather than the recursion work.

Vulnerability class: DoS (Denial of Service)

EPSS: 0.003 (20.0th percentile) — read the EPSS interpretation.