Auth bypass in Wso2 API Control Plane
CVE-2025-9312
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.
Vulnerability class: Broken Authentication
Published · last modified .
CVSS v3 metric
CVSS v3 base score 9.8 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
EPSS exploit prediction
EPSS: 0.003 (15.3th percentile), scored .
Very low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days; routine patching cadence is appropriate. 15th percentile — 15.3% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.
EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.002 · newest: 0.003 · change: +0.000
Affected products
- Wso2 API Control Plane — versions 4.5.0
- Wso2 API Manager — versions 2.2.0, 2.5.0, 2.6.0
- Wso2 Identity Server — versions 5.2.0, 5.3.0, 5.4.0
- Wso2 Identity Server As Key Manager — versions 5.3.0, 5.5.0, 5.6.0
- Wso2 Open Banking Am — versions 1.4.0, 1.5.0, 2.0.0
- Wso2 Open Banking Iam — versions 2.0.0
- Wso2 Open Banking Km — versions 1.4.0, 1.5.0
- Wso2 Org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service — versions 1.1.1, 1.1.16, 1.1.18
- Wso2 Traffic Manager — versions 4.5.0
- Wso2 Universal Gateway — versions 4.5.0
Weakness classification (CWE)
References
- ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8 (vendor-advisory, Vendor Advisory)
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-9312?
- CVE-2025-9312 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Wso2 API Control Plane, classified under Missing Authentication for Critical Function. CVSS score: 9.8/10. Published 2025-11-18.
- How severe is CVE-2025-9312?
- Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 9.8 out of 10.