Vulnerability in Cardano-Scaling Hydra

CVE-2025-48886

Hydra is a layer-two scalability solution for Cardano. Prior to version 0.22.0, the process assumes L1 event finality and does not consider failed transactions. Currently, Cardano L1 is monitored for certain events which are necessary for state progression. At the moment, Hydra considers those events as finalized as soon as they are recognized by the node participants making such transactions the target of re-org attacks. The system does not currently consider the fact that failed transactions on the Cardano L1 can indeed appear in blocks because these transactions are so infrequent. This issue has been patched in version 0.22.0.

Published · last modified .

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 4.8 (Medium). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.003 (20.3th percentile), scored .

Very low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days; routine patching cadence is appropriate. 20th percentile — 20.3% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS trend (30 days)EPSS over the last 30 days for CVE-2025-48886: held from 0.003 to 0.003.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.003 · newest: 0.003 · change: +0.000

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-48886?
CVE-2025-48886 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Cardano-Scaling Hydra, classified under Improper Handling of Exceptional Conditions. CVSS score: 4.8/10. Published 2025-06-19.
How severe is CVE-2025-48886?
Medium severity. CVSS v3 base score is 4.8 out of 10.