Auth bypass in Smallstep Step-Ca

CVE-2025-44005

An attacker can bypass authorization checks and force a Step CA ACME or SCEP provisioner to create certificates without completing certain protocol authorization checks.

Vulnerability class: Broken Authentication

Published · last modified .

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 10.0 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.091 (95.1th percentile), scored .

Low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, but still tracked. 95th percentile — 95.1% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS trend (30 days)EPSS over the last 30 days for CVE-2025-44005: held from 0.089 to 0.091.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.089 · newest: 0.091 · change: +0.002

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-44005?
CVE-2025-44005 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Smallstep Step-Ca, classified under Improper Authentication. CVSS score: 10.0/10. Published 2025-12-17.
How severe is CVE-2025-44005?
Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 10.0 out of 10.