Buffer overflow in Mozilla Firefox

CVE-2025-4091

Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.

Vulnerability class: Buffer Overflow

EPSS: 0.004 (36.1th percentile) — read the EPSS interpretation.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 8.1 (High). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

Public proof-of-concept exploits

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-4091?
CVE-2025-4091 is a high-severity vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox, classified under Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer. CVSS score: 8.1/10. Published 2025-04-29.
How severe is CVE-2025-4091?
High severity. CVSS v3 base score is 8.1 out of 10.
Is CVE-2025-4091 known to be exploited?
2 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.