Vulnerability in Apache Tomcat
CVE-2025-31651
Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those constraints could be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.
Published · last modified .
CVSS v3 metric
CVSS v3 base score 9.8 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.
EPSS exploit prediction
EPSS: 0.042 (90.6th percentile), scored .
Low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, but still tracked. 91st percentile — 90.6% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.
EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.040 · newest: 0.042 · change: +0.001
Affected products
- Apache Tomcat
- Apache Software Foundation Tomcat — versions 11.0.0-M1, 10.1.0-M1, 9.0.0.M1
Weakness classification (CWE)
Public proof-of-concept exploits
References
- lists.apache.org/list.html (vendor-advisory, Mailing List, Vendor Advisory)
- af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 (Mailing List, Third Party Advisory)
- af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108
Frequently asked questions
- What is CVE-2025-31651?
- CVE-2025-31651 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat, classified under Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output. CVSS score: 9.8/10. Published 2025-04-28.
- How severe is CVE-2025-31651?
- Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 9.8 out of 10.
- Is CVE-2025-31651 known to be exploited?
- 11 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.