What is CVE-2025-23061?

CVE-2025-23061 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Mongoosejs Mongoose, classified under Code Injection. CVSS score: 9.0/10. Published 2025-01-15.

How severe is CVE-2025-23061?

Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 9.0 out of 10.

Is CVE-2025-23061 known to be exploited?

6 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

RCE in Mongoosejs Mongoose

CVE-2025-23061

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

Vulnerability class: RCE (Remote Code Execution)

Published 2025-01-15 · last modified 2026-06-17.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 9.0 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.073 (94.2th percentile), scored 2026-09-28.

Low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, but still tracked. 94th percentile — 94.2% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.073 · newest: 0.073 · change: 0.000

Affected products

Mongoosejs Mongoose — versions 6.0.0, 7.0.0, 8.0.0

Weakness classification (CWE)

CWE-94 — Code Injection

Public proof-of-concept exploits

References

www.npmjs.com/package/mongoose (Product)
github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md (Release Notes)
github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5 (Release Notes)
github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc (Patch)

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-23061?: CVE-2025-23061 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Mongoosejs Mongoose, classified under Code Injection. CVSS score: 9.0/10. Published 2025-01-15.
How severe is CVE-2025-23061?: Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 9.0 out of 10.
Is CVE-2025-23061 known to be exploited?: 6 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.