What is CVE-2025-12431?

CVE-2025-12431 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apple macOS, classified under Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. CVSS score: 6.5/10. Published 2025-11-10.

How severe is CVE-2025-12431?

Medium severity. CVSS v3 base score is 6.5 out of 10.

Vulnerability in Apple macOS

CVE-2025-12431

Inappropriate implementation in Extensions in Google Chrome prior to 142.0.7444.59 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to bypass navigation restrictions via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: High)

Published 2025-11-10 · last modified 2026-06-17.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 6.5 (Medium). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.002 (7.4th percentile), scored 2026-09-29.

Very low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days; routine patching cadence is appropriate. 7th percentile — 7.4% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.002 · newest: 0.002 · change: 0.000

Affected products

Weakness classification (CWE)

CWE-288 — Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel

References

chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_28.html (Release Notes, Vendor Advisory)
issues.chromium.org/issues/436887350 (Permissions Required, Issue Tracking)

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2025-12431?: CVE-2025-12431 is a medium-severity vulnerability in Apple macOS, classified under Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel. CVSS score: 6.5/10. Published 2025-11-10.
How severe is CVE-2025-12431?: Medium severity. CVSS v3 base score is 6.5 out of 10.