What is CVE-2024-28189?

CVE-2024-28189 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Judge0, classified under Improper Link Resolution Before File Access. CVSS score: 10.0/10. Published 2024-04-18.

How severe is CVE-2024-28189?

Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 10.0 out of 10.

Is CVE-2024-28189 known to be exploited?

2 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

Vulnerability in Judge0

CVE-2024-28189

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application uses the UNIX chown command on an untrusted file within the sandbox. An attacker can abuse this by creating a symbolic link (symlink) to a file outside the sandbox, allowing the attacker to run chown on arbitrary files outside of the sandbox. This vulnerability is not impactful on it's own, but it can be used to bypass the patch for CVE-2024-28185 and obtain a complete sandbox escape. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.13.1.

Published 2024-04-18 · last modified 2026-06-17.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 10.0 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.072 (94.1th percentile), scored 2026-09-29.

Low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, but still tracked. 94th percentile — 94.1% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.072 · newest: 0.072 · change: 0.000

Affected products

Judge0 — versions <= 1.13.0

Weakness classification (CWE)

Public proof-of-concept exploits

References

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2024-28189?: CVE-2024-28189 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Judge0, classified under Improper Link Resolution Before File Access. CVSS score: 10.0/10. Published 2024-04-18.
How severe is CVE-2024-28189?: Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 10.0 out of 10.
Is CVE-2024-28189 known to be exploited?: 2 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.