What is CVE-2023-3991?

CVE-2023-3991 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Freshtomato, classified under OS Command Injection. CVSS score: 10.0/10. Published 2023-10-16.

How severe is CVE-2023-3991?

Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 10.0 out of 10.

Is CVE-2023-3991 known to be exploited?

1 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

RCE in Freshtomato

CVE-2023-3991

An OS command injection vulnerability exists in the httpd iperfrun.cgi functionality of FreshTomato 2023.3. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to arbitrary command execution. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Vulnerability class: Command Injection (OS Command Injection)

Published 2023-10-16 · last modified 2026-06-17.

CVSS v3 metric

CVSS v3 base score 10.0 (Critical). Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H.

EPSS exploit prediction

EPSS: 0.024 (83.7th percentile), scored 2026-10-04.

Low probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, but still tracked. 84th percentile — 83.7% of CVEs in the catalogue have a lower EPSS than this one. How to read EPSS.

EPSS over last 30 days · oldest: 0.024 · newest: 0.024 · change: 0.000

Affected products

Freshtomato — versions 2023.3

Weakness classification (CWE)

CWE-78 — OS Command Injection

Public proof-of-concept exploits

fkie-cad/nvd-json-data-feeds

References

govtech-csg.github.io/security-advisories/2023/10/16/CVE-2023-3991.html (Third Party Advisory)

Frequently asked questions

What is CVE-2023-3991?: CVE-2023-3991 is a critical-severity vulnerability in Freshtomato, classified under OS Command Injection. CVSS score: 10.0/10. Published 2023-10-16.
How severe is CVE-2023-3991?: Critical severity. CVSS v3 base score is 10.0 out of 10.
Is CVE-2023-3991 known to be exploited?: 1 public proof-of-concept repositories are indexed. Not currently listed in the CISA KEV catalog.